Szczegóły publikacji

Opis bibliograficzny

Autorzy (5)

• AGHWątor Katarzyna
• AGHRusiniak Piotr
• Martyna Agnieszka
• AGHKmiecik Ewa
• AGHPostawa Adam

Słowa kluczowe

Dane bibliometryczne

ID BaDAP	137677
Data dodania do BaDAP	2021-11-23
Tekst źródłowy	URL
DOI	10.3390/min11111291
Rok publikacji	2021
Typ publikacji	artykuł w czasopiśmie
Otwarty dostęp
Creative Commons
Czasopismo/seria	Minerals

Abstract

Background: The influence of tap water fittings construction and internal pipe-work on the release of heavy metals was investigated. (2) Methods: A statistical approach was applied for the examination of the chemistry of tap water in five different cities in southern Poland. In total, 500 samples were collected (from 100 to 101 samples in each city). The sampling protocol included information on the construction of the water supply network and the physicochemical parameters of measured tap water. (3) Results: The statistical analysis allowed to extract the crucial factors that affect the concentrations of trace elements in tap water. Age of connection, age of tap, age of pipe-work as well as material of connection, material of pipe-work and material of appliance reveal the most significant variability of concentrations observed for As, Al, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn. Calculated cancer risks (CRs) decrease with the following order of analysed elements Ni > Cd > Cr > As = Pb and can be associated with the factors that affect the appearance of such elements in tap water. The hazard index (HI) was evaluated as negligible in 59.1% of the sampling points and low in 40.1% for adults. For children, a high risk was observed in 0.2%, medium in 9.0%, negligible in 0.4%, and low for the rest of the analysed samples.

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